xfs_io(8)

NAME
xfs_io - debug the I/O path of an XFS filesystem

SYNOPSIS
xfs_io [ -adfimrRstxT ] [ -c cmd ] ... [ -C cmd ] ... [ -p prog ] [ file ]
xfs_io -V

DESCRIPTION
xfs_io is a debugging tool like xfs_db(8), but is aimed at examining the regular file I/O paths rather than the raw XFS volume itself. These code paths include not only the obvious read/write/mmap interfaces for manipulating files, but also cover all of the XFS extensions (such as space preallocation, additional inode flags, etc).

OPTIONS
xfs_io commands may be run interactively (the default) or as arguments on the command line. Interactive mode always runs commands on the current open file, whilst commands run from the command line may be repeated on all open files rather than just the current open file. In general, open file iteration will occur for commands that operate on file content or state. In contrast, commands that operate on filesystem or system-wide state will only be run on the current file regardless of how many files are currently open. Multiple arguments may be given on the command line and they are run in the sequence given. The program exits one all commands have been run.

-c cmd
    Run the specified command on all currently open files. To maintain compatibility with historical usage, commands that can not be run on all open files will still be run but only execute once on the current open file. Multiple -c arguments may be given and may be interleaved on the command line in any order with -C commands.

-C cmd
    Run the specified command only on the current open file. Multiple -C arguments may be given and may be interleaved on the command line in any order with -c commands.

-p prog
    Set the program name for prompts and some error messages, the default value is xfs_io.

-f  Create file if it does not already exist.

-r  Open file read-only, initially. This is required if file is immutable or append-only.

-i  Start an idle thread. The purpose of this idle thread is to test io from a multi threaded process. With single threaded process, the file table is not shared and file structs are not reference counted. Spawning an idle thread can help detecting file struct reference leaks.

-x  Expert mode. Dangerous commands are only available in this mode. These commands also tend to require additional privileges.

-V  Prints the version number and exits.

The other open(2) options described below are also available from the command line.

CONCEPTS
xfs_io maintains a number of open files and memory mappings. Files can be initially opened on the command line (optionally), and additional files can also be opened later.

xfs_io commands can be broken up into three groups. Some commands are aimed at doing regular file I/O - read, write, sync, space preallocation, etc.

The second set of commands exist for manipulating memory mapped regions of a file - mapping, accessing, storing, unmapping, flushing, etc.

The remaining commands are for the navigation and display of data structures relating to the open files, mappings, and the filesystems where they reside.

Many commands have extensive online help. Use the help command for more details on any command.

FILE I/O COMMANDS

file [ N ]
    Display a list of all open files and (optionally) switch to an alternate current open file.

open [[ -acdfrstRTPL ] path ]
    Closes the current file, and opens the file specified by path instead. Without any arguments, displays statistics about the current file - see the stat command.
    -a  opens append-only (O_APPEND).
    -d  opens for direct I/O (O_DIRECT).
    -f  creates the file if it doesn't already exist (O_CREAT).
    -r  opens read-only (O_RDONLY).
    -s  opens for synchronous I/O (O_SYNC).
    -t  truncates on open (O_TRUNC).
    -n  opens in non-blocking mode if possible (O_NONBLOCK).
    -T  create a temporary file not linked into the filesystem namespace (O_TMPFILE). The pathname passed must refer to a directory which is treated as virtual parent for the newly created invisible file. Can not be used together with the -r option.
    -R  marks the file as a realtime XFS file after opening it, if it is not already marked as such.
    -P  opens the path as a referent only (O_PATH). This is incompatible with other flags specifying other O_xxx flags apart from -L.
    -L  doesn't follow symlinks (O_NOFOLLOW). This is incompatible with other flags specifying other O_xxx flags apart from -P.

o   See the open command.

close
    Closes the current open file, marking the next open file as current (if one exists).

c   See the close command.

chmod -r | -w
    Change the mode of the currently open file. The -r option will set the file permissions to read-only (0444), whilst the -w option will set the file permissions to read-write (0644). This allows xfs_io to set up mismatches between the file permissions and the open file descriptor read/write mode to exercise permission checks inside various syscalls.

pread [ -b bsize ] [ -qUv ] [ -FBR [ -Z seed ] ] [ -V vectors ] offset length
    Reads a range of bytes in a specified blocksize from the given offset.
    -b  can be used to set the blocksize into which the read(2) requests will be split. The default blocksize is 4096 bytes.
    -q  quiet mode, do not write anything to standard output.
    -U  Perform the preadv2(2) call with RWF_DONTCACHE.
    -v  dump the contents of the buffer after reading, by default only the count of bytes actually read is dumped.
    -F  read the buffers in a forward sequential direction.
    -B  read the buffers in a reverse sequential direction.
    -R  read the buffers in the give range in a random order.
    -Z seed
        specify the random number seed used for random reads.
    -V vectors
        Use the vectored IO read syscall preadv(2) with a number of blocksize length iovecs. The number of iovecs is set by the vectors parameter.

r   See the pread command.

pwrite [ -i file ] [ -qAdDwNOUW ] [ -s skip ] [ -b size ] [ -S seed ] [ -FBR [ -Z zeed ] ] [ -V vectors ] offset length
    Writes a range of bytes in a specified blocksize from the given offset. The bytes written can be either a set pattern or read in from another file before writing.
    -i  allows an input file to be specified as the source of the data to be written.
    -q  quiet mode, do not write anything to standard output.
    -d  causes direct I/O, rather than the usual buffered I/O, to be used when reading the input file.
    -w  call fdatasync(2) once all writes are complete (included in timing results)
    -N  Perform the pwritev2(2) call with RWF_NOWAIT.
    -D  Perform the pwritev2(2) call with RWF_DSYNC.
    -A  Perform the pwritev2(2) call with RWF_ATOMIC.
    -U  Perform the pwritev2(2) call with RWF_DONTCACHE.
    -O  perform pwrite once and return the (maybe partial) bytes written.
    -W  call fsync(2) once all writes are complete (included in timing results)
    -s  specifies the number of bytes to skip from the start of the input file before starting to read.
    -b  used to set the blocksize into which the write(2) requests will be split. The default blocksize is 4096 bytes.
    -S  used to set the (repeated) fill pattern which is used when the data to write is not coming from a file. The default buffer fill pattern value is 0xcdcdcdcd.
    -F  write the buffers in a forward sequential direction.
    -B  write the buffers in a reverse sequential direction.
    -R  write the buffers in the give range in a random order.
    -Z seed
        specify the random number seed used for random write
    -V vectors
        Use the vectored IO write syscall pwritev(2) with a number of blocksize length iovecs. The number of iovecs is set by the vectors parameter.

w   See the pwrite command.

bmap [ -adelpv ] [ -n nx ]
    Prints the block mapping for the current open file. Refer to the xfs_bmap(8) manual page for complete documentation.

fiemap [ -alv ] [ -n nx ] [ offset [ len ]]
    Prints the block mapping for the current open file using the fiemap ioctl. Options behave as described in the xfs_bmap(8) manual page.

    Optionally, this command also supports passing the start offset from where to begin the mapping and the length of that region. The kernel will return any full extents which intersect with the requested range, and the fiemap command will print them in their entirety. If the requested range starts or ends in a hole, fiemap will print the hole, truncated to the requested range.

extsize [ -R | -D ] [ value ]
    Display and/or modify the preferred extent size used when allocating space for the currently open file. If the -R option is specified, a recursive descent is performed for all directory entries below the currently open file (-D can be used to restrict the output to directories only). If the target file is a directory, then the inherited extent size is set for that directory (new files created in that directory inherit that extent size). The value should be specified in bytes, or using one of the usual units suffixes (k, m, g, b, etc). The extent size is always reported in units of bytes.

cowextsize [ -R | -D ] [ value ]
    Display and/or modify the preferred copy-on-write extent size used when allocating space for the currently open file. If the -R option is specified, a recursive descent is performed for all directory entries below the currently open file (-D can be used to restrict the output to directories only). If the target file is a directory, then the inherited CoW extent size is set for that directory (new files created in that directory inherit that CoW extent size). The value should be specified in bytes, or using one of the usual units suffixes (k, m, g, b, etc). The extent size is always reported in units of bytes.

allocsp size 0
    Sets the size of the file to size and zeroes any additional space allocated using the XFS_IOC_ALLOCSP/XFS_IOC_FREESP system call described in the xfsctl(3) manual page. allocsp and freesp do exactly the same thing. These commands are no longer supported as of Linux 5.17.

freesp size 0
    See the allocsp command.

fadvise [ -r | -s | [[ -d | -n | -w ] offset length ]]
    On platforms which support it, allows hints be given to the system regarding the expected I/O patterns on the file. The range arguments are required by some advise commands ([*] below), and the others must have no range arguments. With no arguments, the POSIX_FADV_NORMAL advice is implied (default readahead).
    -d  the data will not be accessed again in the near future (POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED[*]).
    -n  data will be accessed once and not be reused (POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE[*]).
    -r  expect access to data in random order (POSIX_FADV_RANDOM), which sets readahead to zero.
    -s  expect access to data in sequential order (POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL), which doubles the default readahead on the file.
    -w  advises the specified data will be needed again (POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED[*]) which forces the maximum readahead.

fdatasync
    Calls fdatasync(2) to flush the file's in-core data to disk.

fsync
    Calls fsync(2) to flush all in-core file state to disk.

s   See the fsync command.

sync_range [ -a | -b | -w ] offset length
    On platforms which support it, allows control of syncing a range of the file to disk. With no options, SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE is implied on the range supplied.
    -a  wait for IO in the given range to finish after writing (SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_AFTER).
    -b  wait for IO in the given range to finish before writing (SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_BEFORE).
    -w  start writeback of dirty data in the given range (SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE).

sync
    Calls sync(2) to flush all filesystems' in-core data to disk.

syncfs
    Calls syncfs(2) to flush this filesystem's in-core data to disk.

resvsp offset length
    Allocates reserved, unwritten space for part of a file using the XFS_IOC_RESVSP system call described in the xfsctl(3) manual page.

unresvsp offset length
    Frees reserved space for part of a file using the XFS_IOC_UNRESVSP system call described in the xfsctl(3) manual page.

falloc [ -k ] offset length
    Allocates reserved, unwritten space for part of a file using the fallocate routine as described in the fallocate(2) manual page.
    -k  will set the FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE flag as described in fallocate(2).

fcollapse offset length
    Call fallocate with FALLOC_FL_COLLAPSE_RANGE flag as described in the fallocate(2) manual page to de-allocates blocks and eliminates the hole created in this process by shifting data blocks into the hole.

finsert offset length
    Call fallocate with FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE flag as described in the fallocate(2) manual page to create the hole by shifting data blocks.

fpunch offset length
    Punches (de-allocates) blocks in the file by calling fallocate with the FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE flag as described in the fallocate(2) manual page.

funshare offset length
    Call fallocate with FALLOC_FL_UNSHARE_RANGE flag as described in the fallocate(2) manual page to unshare all shared blocks within the range.

fzero [ -k ] offset length
    Call fallocate with FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE flag as described in the fallocate(2) manual page to allocate and zero blocks within the range. With the -k option, use the FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE flag as well.

fwzero offset length
    Call fallocate with FALLOC_FL_WRITE_ZEROES flag as described in the fallocate(2) manual page to allocate and zero blocks within the range by submitting write zeroes.

zero offset length
    Call xfsctl with XFS_IOC_ZERO_RANGE as described in the xfsctl(3) manual page to allocate and zero blocks within the range.

truncate offset
    Truncates the current file at the given offset using ftruncate(2).

sendfile [ -q ] -i srcfile | -f N [ offset length ]
    On platforms which support it, allows a direct in-kernel copy between two file descriptors. The current open file is the target, the source must be specified as another open file (-f) or by path (-i).
    -q quiet mode, do not write anything to standard output.

readdir [ -v ] [ -o offset ] [ -l length ]
    Read a range of directory entries from a given offset of a directory.
    -v  verbose mode - dump dirent content as defined in readdir(3)
    -o  specify starting offset
    -l  specify total length to read (in bytes)

seek  -a | -d | -h [ -r ] [ -s ] offset
    On platforms that support the lseek(2) SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE options, display the offsets of the specified segments.
    -a  Display both data and hole segments starting at the specified offset.
    -d  Display the data segment starting at the specified offset.
    -h  Display the hole segment starting at the specified offset.
    -r  Recursively display all the specified segments starting at the specified offset.
    -s  Display the starting lseek(2) offset. This offset will be a calculated value when both data and holes are displayed together or performing a recusively display.

reflink  [ -C ] [ -q ] src_file [src_offset dst_offset length]
    On filesystems that support the FICLONERANGE or BTRFS_IOC_CLONE_RANGE ioctls, map length bytes at offset dst_offset in the open file to the same physical blocks that are mapped at offset src_offset in the file src_file , replacing any contents that may already have been there. If a program writes into a reflinked block range of either file, the dirty blocks will be cloned, written to, and remapped ("copy on write") in the affected file, leaving the other file(s) unchanged. If src_offset, dst_offset, and length are omitted, all contents of src_file will be reflinked into the open file.
    -C  Print timing statistics in a condensed format.
    -q  Do not print timing statistics at all.

dedupe  [ -C ] [ -q ] src_file src_offset dst_offset length
    On filesystems that support the FIDEDUPERANGE or BTRFS_IOC_FILE_EXTENT_SAME ioctls, map length bytes at offset dst_offset in the open file to the same physical blocks that are mapped at offset src_offset in the file src_file , but only if the contents of both ranges are identical. This is known as block-based deduplication. If a program writes into a reflinked block range of either file, the dirty blocks will be cloned, written to, and remapped ("copy on write") in the affected file, leaving the other file(s) unchanged.
    -C  Print timing statistics in a condensed format.
    -q  Do not print timing statistics at all.

copy_range [ -s src_offset ] [ -d dst_offset ] [ -l length ] src_file | -f N
    On filesystems that support the copy_file_range(2) system call, copies data from the source file into the current open file. The source must be specified either by path (src_file) or as another open file (-f). If length is not specified, this command copies data from src_offset to the end of src_file into the dst_file at dst_offset.
    -s  Copy data from src_file beginning from src_offset.
    -d  Copy data into the open file beginning at dst_offset.
    -l  Copy up to length bytes of data.

swapext donor_file
    Swaps extent forks between files. The current open file is the target. The donor file is specified by path. Note that file data is not copied (file content moves with the fork(s)).

exchangerange [OPTIONS]donor_file
    Exchanges contents between files. The current open file is the target. The donor file is specified by path. Note that file data is not copied (file content moves with the fork(s)). Options include:
    -C  Print timing information in a condensed format.
    -c  Exchange contents only if file2 has not changed.
    -d dest_offset
        Swap extents with open file beginning at dest_offset.
    -f  Flush changed file data and file metadata to disk.
    -l length
        Swap up to length bytes of data.
    -n  Perform all the parameter validation checks but don't change anything.
    -s src_offset
        Swap extents with donor file beginning at src_offset.
    -t  Print timing information.
    -w  Only exchange written ranges in the supplied file.

set_encpolicy [ -c mode ] [ -n mode ] [ -f flags ] [ -s log2_dusize ] [ -v version ] [ keyspec ]
    On filesystems that support encryption, assign an encryption policy to the current file. keyspec is a hex string which specifies the encryption key to use. For v1 encryption policies, keyspec must be a 16-character hex string (8 bytes). For v2 policies, keyspec must be a 32-character hex string (16 bytes). If unspecified, an all-zeroes value is used.
    -c mode
        contents encryption mode (e.g. AES-256-XTS)
    -n mode
        filenames encryption mode (e.g. AES-256-CTS)
    -f flags
        policy flags (numeric)
    -s log2_dusize
        log2 of data unit size. Not supported by v1 policies.
    -v version
        policy version. Defaults to 1 or 2 depending on the length of keyspec; or to 1 if keyspec is unspecified.

get_encpolicy [ -1 ] [ -t ]
    On filesystems that support encryption, display the encryption policy of the current file.
    -1  Use only the old ioctl to get the encryption policy. This only works if the file has a v1 encryption policy.
    -t  Test whether v2 encryption policies are supported. Prints "supported", "unsupported", or an error message.

add_enckey [ -d descriptor ] [ -k key_id ]
    On filesystems that support encryption, add an encryption key to the filesystem containing the currently open file. By default, the raw key in binary (typically 64 bytes long) is read from standard input.
    -d descriptor
        key descriptor, as a 16-character hex string (8 bytes). If given, the key will be available for use by v1 encryption policies that use this descriptor. Otherwise, the key is added as a v2 policy key, and on success the resulting "key identifier" will be printed.
    -k key_id
        ID of kernel keyring key of type "fscrypt-provisioning". If given, the raw key will be taken from here rather than from standard input.

rm_enckey [ -a ] keyspec
    On filesystems that support encryption, remove an encryption key from the filesystem containing the currently open file. keyspec is a hex string specifying the key to remove, as a 16-character "key descriptor" or a 32-character "key identifier".
    -a  Remove the key for all users who have added it, not just the current user. This is a privileged operation.

enckey_status keyspec
    On filesystems that support encryption, display the status of an encryption key. keyspec is a hex string specifying the key for which to display the status, as a 16-character "key descriptor" or a 32-character "key identifier".

lsattr [ -R | -D | -a | -v ]
    List extended inode flags on the currently open file. If the -R option is specified, a recursive descent is performed for all directory entries below the currently open file (-D can be used to restrict the output to directories only). This is a depth first descent, it does not follow symlinks and it also does not cross mount points. The current inode flag letters are documented below. Please refer to the ioctl_xfs_fsgetxattr(2) documentation for more details about what they mean.
    r   realtime file (XFS_XFLAG_REALTIME)
    p   prealloc (XFS_XFLAG_PREALLOC)
    i   immutable (XFS_XFLAG_IMMUTABLE)
    a   append only (XFS_XFLAG_APPEND)
    s   synchronous file writes (XFS_XFLAG_SYNC)
    A   noatime (XFS_XFLAG_NOATIME)
    d   nodump (XFS_XFLAG_NODUMP)
    t   inherit realtime flag (XFS_XFLAG_RTINHERIT)"
    P   inherit project id (XFS_XFLAG_PROJINHERIT)
    n   no symlink creation (XFS_XFLAG_NOSYMLINKS)
    e   extent size hint (XFS_XFLAG_EXTSIZE)
    E   inherit extent size hint (XFS_XFLAG_EXTSZINHERIT)
    f   nodefrag (XFS_XFLAG_NODEFRAG)
    S   filestream allocator (XFS_XFLAG_FILESTREAM)
    x   direct access persistent memory (XFS_XFLAG_DAX)
    C   copy on write extent hint (XFS_XFLAG_COWEXTSIZE)
    X   has extended attributes (XFS_XFLAG_HASATTR)
chattr [ -R | -D ] [ +/-riasAdtPneEfSxC ]
    Change extended inode flags on the currently open file. The -R and -D options have the same meaning as above. See the lsattr command above for the list of inode flag letters.
flink path
    Link the currently open file descriptor into the filesystem namespace.
stat [ -v|-r ]
    Selected statistics from stat(2) and the XFS_IOC_GETXATTR system call on the current file. If the -v option is specified, the atime (last access), mtime (last modify), and ctime (last change) timestamps are also displayed. The -r option dumps raw fields from the stat structure.
statx [ -v|-r ][ -m basic | -m all | -m <mask> ][ -FD ]
    Selected statistics from stat(2) and the XFS_IOC_GETXATTR system call on the current file.
    -v  Show timestamps.
    -r  Dump raw statx structure values.
    -m basic
        Set the field mask for the statx call to STATX_BASIC_STATS.
    -m all
        Set all bits in the field mask for the statx call except for STATX__RESERVED. If no -m arguments are specified, the default is STATX_BASIC_STATS and STATX_BTIME.
    -m <mask>
        Specify a numeric field mask for the statx call.
    -m +value
        Add this value to the statx field value. Values can be numeric, or they can be words describing the desired fields. See the help command output for a list of recognized words.
    -m -value
        Remove this value from the statx field value.
    -m +value,-value
        Add and remove multiple values from the statx field value.
    -F  Force the attributes to be synced with the server.
    -D  Don't sync attributes with the server.

chproj [ -R|-D ]
    Modifies the project identifier associated with the current path. The -R option will recursively descend if the current path is a directory. The -D option will also recursively descend, only setting modifying projects on subdirectories. See the xfs_quota(8) manual page for more information about project identifiers.

lsproj [ -R|-D ]
    Displays the project identifier associated with the current path. The -R and -D options behave as described above, in chproj.

parent [ -fpz ] [ -b bufsize ] [ -i ino ] [ -n name ] [ ino gen ]
    By default this command prints out the parent inode numbers, inode generation numbers and basenames of all the hardlinks which point to the inode of the current file. If the optional ino and gen parameters are provided, they will be used to create a file handle on the same filesystem as the open file. The parents of the file represented by the handle will be reported instead of the open file.
    -b  Use a buffer of this size to receive parent pointer records from the kernel.
    -i  Only show parent pointer records containing this inode number.
    -n  Only show parent pointer records containing this directory entry name.
    -p  the output is similar to the default output except pathnames up to the mount-point are printed out instead of the component name.
    -s  Print records in short format: ino/gen/namelen/name
    -z  Print only the first path from the root.

utimes atime_sec atime_nsec mtime_sec mtime_nsec
    The utimes command changes the atime and mtime of the current file. sec uses UNIX timestamp notation and is the seconds elapsed since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC. nsec is the nanoseconds since the sec. This value needs to be in the range 0-999999999 with UTIME_NOW and UTIME_OMIT being exceptions. Each (sec, nsec) pair constitutes a single timestamp value.

startupdate [ -e]
    Create a temporary clone of a file in which to stage file updates. The -e option creates an empty staging file.

cancelupdate
    Abandon changes from a update staging file.

commitupdate [OPTIONS]
    Commit changes from a update staging file to the real file.
    -C  Print timing information in a condensed format.
    -h  Only swap ranges in the update staging file that were actually written.
    -k  Do not change file size.
    -n  Check parameters without changing anything.
    -q  Do not print timing information at all.

cachestat off len
    Print page cache statistics for the given file range.

MEMORY MAPPED I/O COMMANDS

mmap [ N | [[ -rwxS ] [-s size ] offset length ]]
    With no arguments, mmap shows the current mappings. Specifying a single numeric argument N sets the current mapping. If two arguments are specified (a range specified by offset and length), a new mapping is created spanning the range, and the protection mode can be given as a combination of PROT_READ (-r), PROT_WRITE (-w), and PROT_EXEC (-x). The mapping will be created with the MAP_SHARED flag by default, or with the Linux specific (MAP_SYNC | MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE) flags if -S is given. -s size is used to do a mmap(size) && munmap(size) operation at first, try to reserve some extendible free memory space, if size is bigger than length parameter. But there's not guarantee that the memory after length ( up to size ) will stay free. e.g. "mmap -rw -s 8192 1024" will mmap 0 ~ 1024 bytes memory, but try to reserve 1024 ~ 8192 free space(no guarantee). This free space will helpful for "mremap 8192" without MREMAP_MAYMOVE flag.

mm  See the mmap command.

mremap [ -f <new_address> ] [ -m ] new_length
    Changes the current mapping size to new_length. Whether the mapping may be moved is controlled by the flags passed; MREMAP_FIXED (-f), or MREMAP_MAYMOVE (-m). new_length specifies a page-aligned address to which the mapping must be moved. It can be set to 139946004389888, 4096k or 1g etc.

mrm See the mremap command.

munmap
    Unmaps the current memory mapping.

mu  See the munmap command.

mread [ -f | -v ] [ -r ] [ offset length ]
    Accesses a segment of the current memory mapping, optionally dumping it to the standard output stream (with -v or -f option) for inspection. The accesses are performed sequentially from the start offset by default, but can also be done from the end backwards through the mapping if the -r option in specified. The two verbose modes differ only in the relative offsets they display, the -f option is relative to file start, whereas -v shows offsets relative to the start of the mapping.

mr  See the mread command.

mwrite [ -r ] [ -S seed ] [ offset length ]
    Stores a byte into memory for a range within a mapping. The default stored value is 'X', repeated to fill the range specified, but this can be changed using the -S option. The memory stores are performed sequentially from the start offset by default, but can also be done from the end backwards through the mapping if the -r option in specified.

mw  See the mwrite command.

msync [ -i ] [ -a | -s ] [ offset length ]
    Writes all modified copies of pages over the specified range (or entire mapping if no range specified) to their backing storage locations. Also, optionally invalidates (-i) so that subsequent references to the pages will be obtained from their backing storage locations (instead of cached copies). The flush can be done synchronously (-s) or asynchronously (-a).

ms  See the msync command.

madvise [ -d | -r | -s | -w ] [ offset length ]
    Modifies page cache behavior when operating on the current mapping. The range arguments are required by some advise commands ([*] below). With no arguments, the POSIX_MADV_NORMAL advice is implied (default readahead).
    -d  the pages will not be needed (POSIX_MADV_DONTNEED[*]).
    -r  expect random page references (POSIX_MADV_RANDOM), which sets readahead to zero.
    -s  expect sequential page references (POSIX_MADV_SEQUENTIAL), which doubles the default readahead on the file.
    -w  advises the specified pages will be needed again (POSIX_MADV_WILLNEED[*]) which forces the maximum readahead.

mincore
    Dumps a list of pages or ranges of pages that are currently in core, for the current memory mapping.

FILESYSTEM COMMANDS

aginfo [ -a agno ]
    Show information about or update the state of allocation groups.
    -a  Act only on a specific allocation group.

bulkstat [ -a agno ] [ -d ] [ -e endino ] [ -m ] [ -n batchsize ] [ -q ] [ -s startino ] [ -v version"]
    Display raw stat information about a bunch of inodes in an XFS filesystem. Options are as follows:
    -a agno
        Display only results from the given allocation group. If not specified, all results returned will be displayed.
    -d  Print debugging information about call results.
    -e endino
        Stop displaying records when this inode number is reached. Defaults to stopping when the system call stops returning results.
    -m  Include metadata directories in the output.
    -n batchsize
        Retrieve at most this many records per call. Defaults to 4,096.
    -q  Run quietly. Does not parse or output retrieved bulkstat information.
    -s startino
        Display inode allocation records starting with this inode. Defaults to the first inode in the filesystem. If the given inode is not allocated, results will begin with the next allocated inode in the filesystem.
    -v version
        Use a particular version of the kernel interface. Currently supported versions are 1 and 5.

bulkstat_single [ -d ] [ -m ] [ -v version ] [ inum... | special... ]
    Display raw stat information about individual inodes in an XFS filesystem. The -d, -m, and -v options are the same as the bulkstat command. Arguments must be inode numbers or any of the special values:
    root
        Display information about the root directory inode.

freeze
    Suspend all write I/O requests to the filesystem of the current file. Only available in expert mode and requires privileges.

thaw
    Undo the effects of a filesystem freeze operation. Only available in expert mode and requires privileges.

healthmon [ -c bufsize ] [ -c ] [ -d delay_ms ] [ -p ] [ -v ]
    Watch for filesystem health events and write them to the console.
    -b bufsize
        Use a buffer of this size to read events from the kernel.
    -c  Close the open file and replace it with the monitor file.
    -d delay_ms
        Sleep for this long between read attempts.
    -p  Probe for the existence of the functionality by opening the monitoring fd and closing it immediately.
    -v  Request all health events, even if nothing changed.

inject [ tag ]
    Inject errors into a filesystem to observe filesystem behavior at specific points under adverse conditions. Without the tag argument, displays the list of error tags available. Only available in expert mode and requires privileges.

verifymedia [ -bdlrsR ] [ start [ end ]]
    Check for media errors on the storage devices backing XFS. The start and end parameters are the range of physical storage to verify, in bytes. The start parameter is inclusive. The end parameter is exclusive. If neither start nor end are specified, the entire device will be verified.
    -b  Don't issue any IOs larger than this size.
    -d  Verify the data device. This is the default.
    -l  Verify the log device instead of the data device.
    -r  Verify the realtime device instead of the data device.
    -R  Report media errors to fsnotify.
    -s  Sleep this many microseconds between IO requests.

rginfo [ -r rgno ]
    Show information about or update the state of realtime allocation groups.
    -r  Act only on a specific realtime group.

resblks [ blocks ]
    Get and/or set count of reserved filesystem blocks using the XFS_IOC_GET_RESBLKS or XFS_IOC_SET_RESBLKS system calls. Note -- this can be useful for exercising out of space behavior. Only available in expert mode and requires privileges.

shutdown [ -f ]
    Force the filesystem to shut down, preventing any further IO. XFS and other filesystems implement this functionality, although implementation details may differ slightly. Only available in expert mode and requires privileges.

    By default, the filesystem will not attempt to flush completed transactions to disk before shutting down the filesystem. This simulates a disk failure or crash.
    -f  Force the filesystem to flush all completed transactions to disk before shutting down, matching XFS behavior when critical corruption is encountered.

statfs [ -c ] [ -g ] [ -s ]
    Report selected statistics on the filesystem where the current file resides. The default behavior is to enable all three reporting options:
    -c  Display XFS_IOC_FSCOUNTERS summary counter data.
    -g  Display XFS_IOC_FSGEOMETRY filesystem geometry data.
    -s  Display statfs(2) data.

inode  [ [ -n ] number ] [ -v ]
    The inode command queries physical information about an inode. With no arguments, it will return 1 or 0, indicating whether or not any inode numbers greater than 32 bits are currently in use in the filesystem. If given an inode number as an argument, the command will return the same inode number if it is in use, or 0 if not. With -n number , the next used inode number after this number will be returned, or zero if the supplied inode number is the highest one in use. With -v the command will also report the number of bits (32 or 64) used by the inode number printed in the result; if no inode number was specified on the command line, the maximum possible inode number in the system will be printed along with its size.

inumbers [ -a agno ] [ -d ] [ -e endino ] [ -n batchsize ] [ -s startino ] [ -v version ]
    Prints allocation information about groups of inodes in an XFS filesystem. Callers can use this information to figure out which inodes are allocated. Options are as follows:
    -a agno
        Display only results from the given allocation group. If not specified, all results returned will be displayed.
    -d  Print debugging information about call results.
    -e endino
        Stop displaying records when this inode number is reached. Defaults to stopping when the system call stops returning results.
    -n batchsize
        Retrieve at most this many records per call. Defaults to 4,096.
    -s startino
        Display inode allocation records starting with this inode. Defaults to the first inode in the filesystem. If the given inode is not allocated, results will begin with the next allocated inode in the filesystem.
    -v version
        Use a particular version of the kernel interface. Currently supported versions are 1 and 5.

scrub type [ agnumber | rgnumber | ino gen | metapath [ rgnumber ] ]
    Scrub internal XFS filesystem metadata. The type parameter specifies which type of metadata to scrub. For AG metadata, one AG number must be specified. For realtime group metadata, one rtgroup number must be specified. For file metadata, the scrub is applied to the open file unless the inode number and generation number are specified. For metapath, the name of a file or a raw number must be specified. If the metapath file is a per-rtgroup file, the group number must be specified.

scrubv [ -b NN ] [ -d ] [ -m oflags ] [ -r ] [ -v NN ] [ -w ms ] group [ agnumber | ino gen ]
    Scrub a bunch of internal XFS filesystem metadata. The group parameter specifies which group of metadata to scrub. Valid groups are ag, agheader, inode, iscan, fs, probe, rtgroup, or summary. For ag and agheader metadata, one AG number must be specified. For inode metadata, the scrub is applied to the open file unless the inode number and generation number are specified. For rtgroup metadata, one rt group number must be specified.
    -b NN
        Inject scrub barriers into the vector stream at the given interval. Barriers abort vector processing if any previous scrub function found corruption.
    -d  Enables debug mode.
    -m  Fail scrub barriers if any of these scrub output flags are seen.
    -r  Repair metadata if corruptions are found. This option requires expert mode.
    -v NN
        Force a particular API version. single selects XFS_SCRUB_METADATA (one-by-one). vector selects XFS_SCRUBV_METADATA (vectored). If no option is specified, vector mode will be used, with a fallback to single mode if the kernel doesn't recognize the vector mode ioctl.
    -w us
        Wait the given number of microseconds between each scrub function.

repair type [ agnumber | ino gen ]
    Repair internal XFS filesystem metadata. The type parameter specifies which type of metadata to repair. For AG metadata, one AG number must be specified. For file metadata, the repair is applied to the open file unless the inode number and generation number are specified. The -R option can be specified to force rebuilding of a metadata structure.

label [ -c | -s label ]
    On filesystems that support online label manipulation, get, set, or clear the filesystem label. With no options, print the current filesystem label. The -c option clears the filesystem label by setting it to the null string. The -s label option sets the filesystem label to label. If the label is longer than the filesystem will accept, xfs_io will print an error message. XFS filesystem labels can be at most 12 characters long.

fsmap [ -d | -l | -r ] [ -m | -v ] [ -n nx ] [ start ] [ end ]
    Prints the mapping of disk blocks used by the filesystem hosting the current file. The map lists each extent used by files, allocation group metadata, journalling logs, and static filesystem metadata, as well as any regions that are unused. Each line of the listings takes the following form:

    extent: major:minor [startblock..endblock]: owner startoffset..endoffset length

    Static filesystem metadata, allocation group metadata, btrees, journalling logs, and free space are marked by replacing the startoffset..endoffset with the appropriate marker. All blocks, offsets, and lengths are specified in units of 512-byte blocks, no matter what the filesystem's block size is. The optional start and end arguments can be used to constrain the output to a particular range of disk blocks. If these two options are specified, exactly one of -d, -l, or -r must also be set.
    -d  Display only extents from the data device. This option only applies for XFS filesystems.
    -l  Display only extents from the external log device. This option only applies to XFS filesystems.
    -r  Display only extents from the realtime device. This option only applies to XFS filesystems.
    -m  Display results in a machine readable format (CSV). This option is not compatible with the -v flag. The columns of the output are: extent number, device major, device minor, physical start, physical end, owner, offset start, offset end, length. The start, end, and length numbers are provided in units of 512b. The owner field is a special string that takes the form:
        inode_%lld_data
            for inode data.
        inode_%lld_data_bmbt
            for inode data extent maps.
        inode_%lld_attr
            for inode extended attribute data.
        inode_%lld_attr_bmbt
            for inode extended attribute extent maps.
        special_%u:%u
            for other filesystem metadata.

    -n num_extents
        If this option is given, fsmap obtains the extent list of the file in groups of num_extents extents. In the absence of -n, fsmap queries the system for extents in groups of 131,072 records.

    -v  Shows verbose information. When this flag is specified, additional AG specific information is appended to each line in the following form:

        agno (startagblock..endagblock) nblocks flags

        A second -v option will print out the flags legend. This option is not compatible with the -m flag.

fsuuid
    Print the mounted filesystem UUID.

sysfspath
    Print the sysfs or debugfs path for the mounted filesystem. The -d option selects debugfs instead of sysfs.

getfsprops name [ names... ]
    Retrieve the values of the given filesystem properties.

listfsprops [ -v ]
    List all filesystem properties that have been stored in the filesystem. If the -v flag is specified, prints the values of the properties.

setfsprops name=value [ name=value... ]
    Set the given filesystem properties to the specified values.

removefsprops name [ names... ]
    Remove the given filesystem properties.

listmount [ -f mask ] [ -i mnt_id ] [ -n path ] [ -r ] [ -tfstype ]
    Print information about the mounted filesystems in a particular mount namespace. The information returned by this call corresponds to the information returned by the statmount(2) system call.
    -f mask
        Pass this numeric argument as the mask argument to statmount(8). Defaults to all bits set, to retrieve all possible information.
    -i mnt_id
        Only return information for mounts below this mount in the mount tree. Defaults to the root directory.
    -n path
        Return information for the mount namespace given by this procfs path. For a given process, the path will most likely look like /proc/$pid/ns/mnt though any path can be provided. Defaults to the mount namespace of the xfs_io process itself.
    -r  Print raw bitmasks instead of converting them to strings.
    -t fstype
        Only return information for filesystems of this type. If not specified, no filtering is performed.
statmount [ -f mask ] [ -r ]
    Print information about the mounted filesystem for each open file. The information returned by this call corresponds to the information returned by the statmount(2) system call.
    -f mask
        Pass this numeric argument as the mask argument to statmount(8). Defaults to all bits set, to retrieve all possible information.
    -r  Print raw bitmasks instead of converting them to strings.

OTHER COMMANDS

help [ command ]
    Display a brief description of one or all commands.

print
    Display a list of all open files and memory mapped regions. The current file and current mapping are distinguishable from any others.

p   See the print command.

quit
    Exit xfs_io.

q   See the quit command.

log_writes -d device -m mark
    Create a mark named mark in the dm-log-writes log specified by device. This is intended to be equivalent to the shell command: dmsetup message device 0 mark mark

lw  See the log_writes command.

crc32cselftest
    Test the internal crc32c implementation to make sure that it computes results correctly.

SEE ALSO
mkfs.xfs(8), xfsctl(3), xfs_bmap(8), xfs_db(8), xfs(5), fdatasync(2), fstat(2), fstatfs(2), fsync(2), ftruncate(2), futimens(3), mmap(2), msync(2), open(2), pread(2), pwrite(2), readdir(3), dmsetup(8).